Python动态获取一个城市天气信息

导入第三方库

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import json

定义函数动态获取城市名以及编码

将拿到的城市名以及编码存入字典info中

def get_city_code(src, headers, info):
    # 异常处理
    try:
        r = requests.get(url=src, headers=headers)
        r.raise_for_status()
        content = r.content.decode('utf-8')
        cityData = content[len('var city_data = '):-1]
        cityData = json.loads(cityData)
        for c in cityData.keys():
            for cy in cityData[c].keys():
                for district in cityData[c][cy].keys():
                    code = cityData[c][cy][district]['AREAID']
                    name = cityData[c][cy][district]['NAMECN']
                    info[name] = str(code)
    except:
        print("出错了！！！")

传入参数：
src: 请求的url链接
info：字典
headers：请求头信息（处理针对请求头反爬操作，不写会直接告诉链接我是以爬虫请求）
不写：

写入headers：

定义函数对主页面发起请求

def getHTML(src, headers):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url=src, headers=headers)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        print("出错了！！！")

获取页面的详细内容

使用的是BeautifulSoup，推荐使用xpath（需要安装lxml库），能力优秀推荐结合正则使用

pip install lxml(安装anaconda不需要再安装lxml，anaconda自带)

xpath与BeautifulSoup
区别：
1.性能lxml >> BeautifulSoup
2.易用性 BeautifulSoup >> lxml
BeautifulSoup用起来简单，API人性化，支持css选择器
lxml的XPath写起来麻烦，开发效率较低

详细使用与区别可以参考：Python爬虫之解析库的使用(XPath、Beautiful Soup)

# 获取天气详细内容
def parser_html(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')
    sky1 = soup.find('p', class_='tem').text
    weather = soup.find('p', class_='wea').text
    sunUp = soup.find('p', class_='sun sunUp').text
    sunDown = soup.find('p', class_='sun sunDown').text
    sky1 = sky1.strip('\n')
    sky2 = soup.find_all('p', class_='tem')[1].text
    sky2 = sky2.strip('\n')
    sunUp = sunUp.strip('\n')
    sunDown = sunDown.strip('\n')
    cityName = soup.find('div', class_='crumbs fl').text
    cityName = cityName.replace('\n','')
    cityName = cityName.replace(' ','')
    print('城市：{}\n白天温度：{}\n夜晚温度：{}\n天气：{}\n{}\n{}'.format(cityName, sky1, sky2, weather, sunUp, sunDown))

程序入口

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 城市编码字典
    cityInfo = {}
    city_code_url = 'https://j.i8tq.com/weather2020/search/city.js'
    header = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    while True:
        city = input("请输入查找的城市名：")
        get_city_code(city_code_url, header, cityInfo)
        city_code = cityInfo.get(city, 0)
        if city_code == 0:
            print("您输入的城市不存在！请从新输入！")
        else:
            url = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/weather1d/' + str(city_code) + '.shtml'
            html = getHTML(url, header)
            parser_html(html)
            break

全部代码

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import json


# 发起主页面请求
def getHTML(src, headers):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url=src, headers=headers)
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        print("出错了！！！")


# 获取天气详细内容
def parser_html(text):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')
    sky = soup.find('p', class_='tem').text
    weather = soup.find('p', class_='wea').text
    sunUp = soup.find('p', class_='sun sunUp').text
    sunDown = soup.find('p', class_='sun sunDown').text
    sky = sky.strip('\n')
    sunUp = sunUp.strip('\n')
    sunDown = sunDown.strip('\n')
    cityName = soup.find('div', class_='crumbs fl').text
    cityName = cityName.replace('\n','')
    cityName = cityName.replace(' ','')
    print('城市：{}\n温度：{}\n天气：{}\n{}\n{}'.format(cityName, sky, weather, sunUp, sunDown))


# 获取城市编码
def get_city_code(src, headers, info):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url=src, headers=headers)
        r.raise_for_status()
        content = r.content.decode('utf-8')
        cityData = content[len('var city_data = '):-1]
        cityData = json.loads(cityData)
        for c in cityData.keys():
            for cy in cityData[c].keys():
                for district in cityData[c][cy].keys():
                    code = cityData[c][cy][district]['AREAID']
                    name = cityData[c][cy][district]['NAMECN']
                    info[name] = str(code)
    except:
        print("出错了！！！")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 城市编码字典
    cityInfo = {}
    city_code_url = 'https://j.i8tq.com/weather2020/search/city.js'
    header = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    while True:
        city = input("请输入查找的城市名：")
        get_city_code(city_code_url, header, cityInfo)
        city_code = cityInfo.get(city, 0)
        if city_code == 0:
            print("您输入的城市不存在！请从新输入！")
        else:
            url = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/weather1d/' + str(city_code) + '.shtml'
            html = getHTML(url, header)
            parser_html(html)
            break

运行结果

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